How is direct binary FSK modulation generated?

1. A By keying an FM transmitter with a sub-audible tone
2. B By changing an oscillator's frequency directly with a digital control signal
3. C By using a transceiver's computer data interface protocol to change frequencies
4. D By reconfiguring the CW keying input to act as a tone generator

What is the name of the process that changes the phase angle of an RF signal to convey information?

1. A Phase convolution
2. B Phase modulation
3. C Phase transformation
4. D Phase inversion

What is the name of the process that changes the instantaneous frequency of an RF wave to convey information?

1. A Frequency convolution
2. B Frequency transformation
3. C Frequency conversion
4. D Frequency modulation

What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to a transmitter RF amplifier stage?

1. A Multiplex modulation
2. B Phase modulation
3. C Amplitude modulation
4. D Pulse modulation

What type of modulation varies the instantaneous power level of the RF signal?

1. A Power modulation
2. B Phase modulation
3. C Frequency modulation
4. D Amplitude modulation

Which of the following is characteristic of QPSK31?

1. A It is sideband sensitive
2. B Its encoding provides error correction
3. C Its bandwidth is approximately the same as BPSK31
4. D All these choices are correct

Which of the following phone emissions uses the narrowest bandwidth?

1. A Single sideband
2. B Vestigial sideband
3. C Phase modulation
4. D Frequency modulation

Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation?

1. A Insufficient audio
2. B Insufficient bandwidth
3. C Frequency drift
4. D Excessive bandwidth

What type of modulation is used by FT8?

1. A 8-tone frequency shift keying
2. B Vestigial sideband
3. C Amplitude compressed AM
4. D 8-bit direct sequence spread spectrum

What is meant by the term "flat-topping," when referring to an amplitude-modulated phone signal?

1. A Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current
2. B The transmitter's automatic level control (ALC) is properly adjusted
3. C Signal distortion caused by excessive drive or speech levels
4. D The transmitter's carrier is properly suppressed

What is the modulation envelope of an AM signal?

1. A The waveform created by connecting the peak values of the modulated signal
2. B The carrier frequency that contains the signal
3. C Spurious signals that envelop nearby frequencies
4. D The bandwidth of the modulated signal

What is QPSK modulation?

1. A Modulation using quasi-parallel to serial conversion to reduce bandwidth
2. B Modulation using quadra-pole sideband keying to generate spread spectrum signals
3. C Modulation using Fast Fourier Transforms to generate frequencies at the first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of the carrier frequency to improve noise immunity
4. D Modulation in which digital data is transmitted using 0-, 90-, 180- and 270-degrees phase shift to represent pairs of bits

What is a link budget?

1. A The financial costs associated with operating a radio link
2. B The sum of antenna gains minus system losses
3. C The sum of transmit power and antenna gains minus system losses as seen at the receiver
4. D The difference between transmit power and receiver sensitivity

What is link margin?

1. A The opposite of fade margin
2. B The difference between received power level and minimum required signal level at the input to the receiver
3. C Transmit power minus receiver sensitivity
4. D Receiver sensitivity plus 3 dB