Study › Amateur Extra › E3A › E3A14

E3A14

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · Electromagnetic Waves and Specialized Propagation: Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) communications; meteor scatter; microwave tropospheric and scatter propagation; auroral propagation; daily variation of ionospheric propagation; circular polarization

E3A14E3A →

What are circularly polarized electromagnetic waves?

  1. AWaves with an electric field bent into a circular shape
  2. BWaves with rotating electric and magnetic fields
  3. CWaves that circle Earth
  4. DWaves produced by a loop antenna
Why Polarization describes the orientation of the electric field (and the magnetic field perpendicular to it). In a circularly polarized wave, the E and H field vectors rotate steadily about the direction of travel, completing one full turn each RF cycle, so the tip of the field vector traces a helix through space. This is produced by combining two linearly polarized components of equal amplitude that are 90 degrees out of phase, as with crossed dipoles fed in quadrature or a helical antenna. Circular polarization comes in right-hand and left-hand senses and is popular for satellite and EME work because it tolerates the unknown or shifting orientation of the far end, including Faraday rotation.
Watch out The idea of a field "bent into a circular shape" misreads the name: nothing about the wave is curved, it is the direction the field vector points that rotates. An ordinary loop antenna radiates linear polarization, not circular.
Circular = rotating, not curved. Two linear waves 90 degrees apart in phase make the field spin like a corkscrew.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
← E3A13 All of E3A

The rest of E3A

  1. E3A01 What is the approximate maximum separation measured along the surface of the Earth between two stations commu…
  2. E3A02 What characterizes libration fading of an EME signal?
  3. E3A03 When scheduling EME contacts, which of these conditions will generally result in the least path loss?
  4. E3A04 In what direction does an electromagnetic wave travel?
  5. E3A05 How are the component fields of an electromagnetic wave oriented?
  6. E3A06 What should be done to continue a long-distance contact when the MUF for that path decreases due to darkness?
  7. E3A07 Atmospheric ducts capable of propagating microwave signals often form over what geographic feature?
  8. E3A08 When a meteor strikes the Earth's atmosphere, a linear ionized region is formed at what region of the ionosph…
  9. E3A09 Which of the following frequency ranges is most suited for meteor-scatter communications?
  10. E3A10 What determines the speed of electromagnetic waves through a medium?
  11. E3A11 What is a typical range for tropospheric duct propagation of microwave signals?
  12. E3A12 What is most likely to result in auroral propagation?
  13. E3A13 Which of these emission modes is best for auroral propagation?
  14. E3A14 What are circularly polarized electromagnetic waves?
Powerwerx SS-30DV 30A DC Power SupplySponsored · View on Amazon →MFJ-259D HF/VHF Antenna AnalyzerSponsored · View on Amazon →