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E3C07

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · Propagation prediction and reporting: radio horizon; effects of space-weather phenomena

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Which of the following indicates the greatest solar flare intensity?

  1. AClass A
  2. BClass Z
  3. CClass M
  4. DClass X
Why Solar X-ray flares are classified by peak soft X-ray flux in the 1-8 angstrom band using the letters A, B, C, M and X, each step being a tenfold increase in intensity. X-class is the top of that scale, with flux at or above 10^-4 W/m^2, and these are the flares most likely to cause sudden ionospheric disturbances and HF blackouts on the sunlit side of Earth. There is no class above X; very large events are simply given higher numbers, like X10 or X20.
Watch out Class M is the tempting pick because M-class flares do get news coverage and can disturb HF, but M is one full decade weaker than X. Class A is the weakest of the real classes, and there is no Class Z at all.
A, B, C, M, X: X marks the extreme. Each letter is 10 times the one before.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E3C

  1. E3C01 What is the cause of short-term radio blackouts?
  2. E3C02 What is indicated by a rising A-index or K-index?
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  7. E3C07 Which of the following indicates the greatest solar flare intensity?
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  10. E3C10 What does the 304A solar parameter measure?
  11. E3C11 What does VOACAP software model?
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