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E7H12

PRACTICAL CIRCUITS · Oscillators and signal sources: types of oscillators; synthesizers and phase-locked loops; direct digital synthesizers; stabilizing thermal drift; microphonics; high-accuracy oscillators

E7H12E7H →

Which of the following ensures that a crystal oscillator operates on the frequency specified by the crystal manufacturer?

  1. AProvide the crystal with a specified parallel inductance
  2. BProvide the crystal with a specified parallel capacitance
  3. CBias the crystal at a specified voltage
  4. DBias the crystal at a specified current
Why Quartz crystals cut for parallel resonance are ground to hit their marked frequency only when they see a specified load capacitance across their terminals, typically something like 18, 20 or 32 pF. The circuit capacitance combines with the crystal's motional and holder capacitance to set the exact resonant point, so the oscillator must present that load value. Too little or too much load capacitance pulls the crystal slightly high or low in frequency, which is why many oscillators include a small trimmer for netting.
Watch out Adding a parallel inductance would pull the crystal far off frequency rather than set it; bias voltage or current affects amplitude and drive level, not the specified operating frequency.
Crystals are spec'd with a load capacitance: match the C, get the marked frequency.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
← E7H11 All of E7H E7H13 →

The rest of E7H

  1. E7H01 What are three common oscillator circuits?
  2. E7H02 What is a microphonic?
  3. E7H03 What is a phase-locked loop?
  4. E7H04 How is positive feedback supplied in a Colpitts oscillator?
  5. E7H05 How is positive feedback supplied in a Pierce oscillator?
  6. E7H06 Which of these functions can be performed by a phase-locked loop?
  7. E7H07 How can an oscillator's microphonic responses be reduced?
  8. E7H08 Which of the following components can be used to reduce thermal drift in crystal oscillators?
  9. E7H09 What type of frequency synthesizer circuit uses a phase accumulator, lookup table, digital-to-analog converte…
  10. E7H10 What information is contained in the lookup table of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)?
  11. E7H11 What are the major spectral impurity components of direct digital synthesizers?
  12. E7H12 Which of the following ensures that a crystal oscillator operates on the frequency specified by the crystal m…
  13. E7H13 Which of the following is a technique for providing highly accurate and stable oscillators needed for microwa…
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