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T3A10

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION · Radio wave characteristics: how a radio signal travels, fading, multipath, polarization, wavelength vs absorption; Antenna orientation

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What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?

  1. ATransmission rates must be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed
  2. BTransmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed
  3. CNo significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM
  4. DError rates are likely to increase
Why Multipath means copies of the same signal arrive by different routes, so they show up at slightly different times and phases. The delayed copies smear into the following data symbols and can partially cancel the direct signal, so the receiver misreads bits and the error rate climbs. This is why packet and digital modes often need retries or error correction in areas with lots of reflectors like buildings and terrain.
Watch out The idea that FM is immune is wrong: FM's capture effect helps with weak interfering stations, but delayed reflections of your own signal still distort the data. And multipath does not force any particular change in baud rate by the number of paths; higher rates are actually more vulnerable because symbols are shorter.
More paths, more smeared bits: multipath means more errors, not a new speed setting.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of T3A

  1. T3A01 Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?
  2. T3A02 How does vegetation affect UHF and microwave signals?
  3. T3A03 What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?
  4. T3A04 What is the effect of antenna cross-polarization over a line-of-sight VHF or UHF path?
  5. T3A05 When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if bu…
  6. T3A06 What is the meaning of the term "picket fencing"?
  7. T3A07 What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?
  8. T3A08 What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?
  9. T3A09 Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polar…
  10. T3A10 What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?
  11. T3A11 Which region of the atmosphere can reflect HF radio waves?
  12. T3A12 What effect does fog or rain have on 10-meter and 6-meter band signals?
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