Why A Yagi is a beam antenna: a driven element plus parasitic reflector and director elements that concentrate radiated energy into one direction. Focusing power into a narrower beam is exactly what antenna gain means, and a modest Yagi easily delivers 6 to 10 dBi or more, far beyond any omnidirectional whip. The other antennas listed radiate roughly equally in all horizontal directions, so they have little or no directional gain.
Watch out The isotropic radiator is the tempting one, but it is a theoretical point source that radiates equally in every direction with 0 dBi gain by definition; it is the reference all other gains are measured against, not a high gain antenna. A 5/8 wave vertical and a J pole give only a small amount of gain by squashing the pattern toward the horizon.
Gain means squeezing the pattern. Isotropic = 0 dBi reference; only the multi-element beam (Yagi) really focuses.