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E7D09

PRACTICAL CIRCUITS · Power supplies and voltage regulators; solar array charge controllers

E7D09E7D →

How is battery operating time calculated?

  1. AAverage current divided by capacity in amp-hours
  2. BAverage current divided by internal resistance
  3. CCapacity in amp-hours divided by average current
  4. DInternal resistance divided by average current
Why Battery capacity is rated in ampere-hours, which is literally current multiplied by time. Rearranging, time in hours equals amp-hours divided by the average current drawn in amperes. For example, a 10 Ah battery supplying an average 2 A lasts about 10/2 = 5 hours (less in practice, since high discharge rates and internal resistance reduce usable capacity).
Watch out Dividing current by capacity inverts the formula and gives units of 1/hours, not run time. Internal resistance plays no part in the basic capacity calculation; it affects voltage sag and efficiency under load.
Amp-hours divided by amps leaves hours. Let the units tell you which way the division goes.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E7D

  1. E7D01 How does a linear electronic voltage regulator work?
  2. E7D02 How does a switchmode voltage regulator work?
  3. E7D03 What device is used as a stable voltage reference?
  4. E7D04 Which of the following describes a three-terminal voltage regulator?
  5. E7D05 Which of the following types of linear voltage regulator operates by loading the unregulated voltage source?
  6. E7D06 What is the purpose of Q1 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-2?
  7. E7D07 What is the purpose of C2 in the circuit shown in Figure E7-2?
  8. E7D08 What type of circuit is shown in Figure E7-2?
  9. E7D09 How is battery operating time calculated?
  10. E7D10 Why is a switching type power supply less expensive and lighter than an equivalent linear power supply?
  11. E7D11 What is the purpose of an inverter connected to a solar panel output?
  12. E7D12 What is the dropout voltage of a linear voltage regulator?
  13. E7D13 Which of the following calculates power dissipated by a series linear voltage regulator?
  14. E7D14 What is the purpose of connecting equal-value resistors across power supply filter capacitors connected in se…
  15. E7D15 What is the purpose of a step-start circuit in a high-voltage power supply?
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