Why SMA stands for SubMiniature version A, a small screw-on (threaded) coaxial connector with a 50 ohm impedance. Because the threaded coupling keeps a precise, tight connection and the connector is physically small, it maintains good performance well into the microwave region, commonly specified to 18 GHz. You will find SMA connectors on handheld transceiver antennas, test cables, and GHz-range modules and MMIC boards.
Watch out The letters are not an acronym for a signaling scheme, so 'serial multiple access' is invented; and SMA threads on rather than pushing on, and it is a low-power RF connector, not a high-voltage one.
SMA = SubMiniature A: small, screws on, good for several GHz.