Why Component 2 in Figure T-1 is the transistor, drawn as a circle with an arrow on one lead (the emitter) plus a base and collector. A transistor is an active device in which a small base current or voltage controls a much larger current flowing between collector and emitter, so it works as an amplifier or an electronic switch. That makes controlling the flow of current its basic function.
Watch out The other choices describe the other parts in the same figure: the lamp gives off light, the battery supplies energy, and the antenna turns electrical energy into radio waves.
Transistor = 'transfer resistor': a tiny base signal controls a big current. Circle with an arrow on one lead.