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E2D09

OPERATING PROCEDURES · Operating methods: digital modes and procedures for VHF and UHF; APRS; EME procedures; meteor scatter procedures

E2D09E2D →

What type of modulation is used by JT65?

  1. AMultitone AFSK
  2. BPSK
  3. CRTTY
  4. DQAM
Why JT65 is a multi-frequency-shift-keying mode: each symbol is one of 65 audio tones (a sync tone plus 64 data tones) keyed one at a time into an SSB transmitter, so the RF output is a series of shifted single tones. Because the tone shifting is done at audio and fed through SSB, it is described as multitone AFSK. The constant-envelope, narrow, slow (about 0.37 second per symbol) signal is what lets JT65 decode EME and other signals well below the noise floor.
Watch out PSK is the usual trap because of PSK31 and because both are weak-signal keyboard modes, but PSK varies the carrier phase while JT65 varies frequency; RTTY is only two-tone FSK with Baudot code, and QAM mixes amplitude and phase and is used in commercial high-rate data links, not in weak-signal amateur work.
JT65: the 65 is the tone count. 65 tones means many tones, so multitone AFSK, not phase shifting.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
← E2D08 All of E2D E2D10 →

The rest of E2D

  1. E2D01 Which of the following digital modes is designed for meteor scatter communications?
  2. E2D02 What information replaces signal-to-noise ratio when using the FT8 or FT4 modes in a VHF contest?
  3. E2D03 Which of the following digital modes is designed for EME communications?
  4. E2D04 What technology is used for real-time tracking of balloons carrying amateur radio transmitters?
  5. E2D05 What is the characteristic of the JT65 mode?
  6. E2D06 Which of the following is a method for establishing EME contacts?
  7. E2D07 What digital protocol is used by APRS?
  8. E2D08 What type of packet frame is used to transmit APRS beacon data?
  9. E2D09 What type of modulation is used by JT65?
  10. E2D10 What does the packet path WIDE3-1 designate?
  11. E2D11 How do APRS stations relay data?
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