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E2E04

OPERATING PROCEDURES · Operating methods: digital modes and procedures for HF

E2E04E2E →

Which of the following is characteristic of the FST4 mode?

  1. AFour-tone Gaussian frequency shift keying
  2. BVariable transmit/receive periods
  3. CSeven different tone spacings
  4. DAll these choices are correct
Why FST4 (and its beacon-like cousin FST4W) was designed by the WSJT-X developers for the LF and MF bands, 2200 and 630 meters, where extremely narrow signals and long integration times pay off. It uses 4-tone Gaussian FSK, which shapes the tone transitions to keep the spectrum tight. It offers a menu of transmit/receive sequence lengths (15, 30, 60, 120, 300, 900 and 1800 seconds), and because tone spacing scales with the symbol rate, each of those seven period choices has its own tone spacing. Since all three statements describe the mode, the combined choice is correct.
Watch out Each individual statement is true on its own, so picking just the four-tone GFSK description or just the variable T/R periods leaves out equally valid characteristics.
FST4 = Four tones, and seven T/R periods each with its own spacing. Everything listed is true, so pick 'all'.
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of E2E

  1. E2E01 Which of the following types of modulation is used for data emissions below 30 MHz?
  2. E2E02 Which of the following synchronizes WSJT-X digital mode transmit/receive timing?
  3. E2E03 To what does the "4" in FT4 refer?
  4. E2E04 Which of the following is characteristic of the FST4 mode?
  5. E2E05 Which of these digital modes does not support keyboard-to-keyboard operation?
  6. E2E06 What is the length of an FT8 transmission cycle?
  7. E2E07 How does Q65 differ from JT65?
  8. E2E08 Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files?
  9. E2E09 Which of the following HF digital modes uses variable-length character coding?
  10. E2E10 Which of these digital modes has the narrowest bandwidth?
  11. E2E11 What is the difference between direct FSK and audio FSK?
  12. E2E12 How do ALE stations establish contact?
  13. E2E13 Which of these digital modes has the highest data throughput under clear communication conditions?
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