Why The Volunteer Monitor Program is a formal agreement between the ARRL and the FCC, launched in 2019 to replace the old Official Observer program. Trained amateur volunteers listen on the bands, document apparent rule violations and also note exemplary operation, then forward their evidence to the FCC, which handles any enforcement. The volunteers have no enforcement authority themselves; they are the FCC's ears on the air.
Watch out The choice about giving licensing exams describes Volunteer Examiners (VEs) in the VEC system, and the coordination choice describes volunteer frequency coordinators for repeaters, both separate programs; helping civil defense describes RACES or ARES.
Monitor means listen: VMs monitor the airwaves, VEs give exams, coordinators assign repeater pairs.