Why In figure T-1, component 1 is drawn as the classic zigzag (or in IEC style a plain rectangle) in line with the wire, which is the schematic symbol for a resistor. A resistor has just two leads and no polarity marking, so the symbol looks the same from either end. Component 1 is the only zigzag element in that figure, which is why it is identified as the resistor.
Watch out The transistor answer is the common trap, but a transistor symbol has three leads and a circle with an arrow on the emitter, which is component 2 in this same figure.
Zigzag = resistance to the flow. Two leads and no arrow means resistor.