Why In Figure T-1, component 4 is drawn as a stack of alternating long and short parallel lines, the standard symbol for a battery or DC source. The long line is the positive terminal and the short, thicker line is the negative terminal; multiple pairs suggest several cells in series. It is the energy source feeding the rest of that circuit.
Watch out The ground symbol is the tempting confusion because it is also a set of stacked horizontal lines, but ground lines all get progressively shorter and are the same weight, with no long/short alternation and only one connecting lead.
Battery = long and short lines alternating (long = +). Ground = lines that just shrink to a point.