Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter?

1. A USB
2. B DSB
3. C CW
4. D LSB

What is VARA?

1. A A low signal-to-noise digital mode used for EME (moonbounce)
2. B A digital protocol used with Winlink
3. C A radio direction finding system used on VHF and UHF
4. D A DX spotting system using a network of software defined radios

What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or VARA transmission?

1. A Frequent retries or timeouts
2. B Long pauses in message transmission
3. C Failure to establish a connection between stations
4. D All these choices are correct

Which of the following is good practice when choosing a transmitting frequency to answer a station calling CQ using FT8?

1. A Always call on the station's frequency
2. B Call on any frequency in the waterfall except the station's frequency
3. C Find a clear frequency during the same time slot as the calling station
4. D Find a clear frequency during the alternate time slot to the calling station

What is the standard sideband for JT65, JT9, FT4, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK?

1. A LSB
2. B USB
3. C DSB
4. D SSB

What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands?

1. A 85 Hz
2. B 170 Hz
3. C 425 Hz
4. D 850 Hz

Which of the following is required when using FT8?

1. A A special hardware modem
2. B Computer time accurate to within approximately 1 second
3. C Receiver attenuator set to -12 dB
4. D A vertically polarized antenna

In what segment of the 20-meter band are most digital mode operations commonly found?

1. A At the bottom of the slow-scan TV segment, near 14.230 MHz
2. B At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz
3. C In the middle of the CW segment, near 14.100 MHz
4. D Between 14.070 MHz and 14.100 MHz

How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol?

1. A Send broadcast packets containing your call sign while in MONITOR mode
2. B Transmit a steady carrier until the PACTOR protocol times out and disconnects
3. C Joining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations
4. D Send a NAK code

Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station?

1. A Send an email to the system control operator
2. B Send QRL in Morse code
3. C Respond when the station broadcasts its SSID
4. D Transmit a connect message on the station's published frequency

What is the primary purpose of an Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN) mesh network?

1. A To provide FM repeater coverage in remote areas
2. B To provide real time propagation data by monitoring amateur radio transmissions worldwide
3. C To provide high-speed data services during an emergency or community event
4. D To provide DX spotting reports to aid contesters and DXers

Which of the following describes Winlink?

1. A An amateur radio wireless network to send and receive email on the internet
2. B A form of Packet Radio
3. C A wireless network capable of both VHF and HF band operation
4. D All these choices are correct

What is another name for a Winlink Remote Message Server?

1. A Terminal Node Controller
2. B Gateway
3. C RJ-45
4. D Printer/Server

What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in properly?

1. A The mark and space frequencies may be reversed
2. B You may have selected the wrong baud rate
3. C You may be listening on the wrong sideband
4. D All these choices are correct

Which of the following is a common location for FT8?

1. A Anywhere in the voice portion of the band
2. B Anywhere in the CW portion of the band
3. C Approximately 14.074 MHz to 14.077 MHz
4. D Approximately 14.110 MHz to 14.113 MHz