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G2E14

OPERATING PROCEDURES · - Digital mode operating procedures

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What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in properly?

  1. AThe mark and space frequencies may be reversed
  2. BYou may have selected the wrong baud rate
  3. CYou may be listening on the wrong sideband
  4. DAll these choices are correct
Why FSK decoding requires the receiver and software to agree on three things: which tone is mark and which is space, the signaling rate (45.45 baud for standard amateur RTTY, but other rates exist), and the sideband in use. Getting the mark/space assignment backwards inverts every bit, so the decoder prints garbage; amateur RTTY is normally sent LSB, and choosing USB by mistake reverses the tone sense the same way. A baud rate mismatch means the software samples the bit stream at the wrong intervals, so nothing lines up. Because all three faults produce a signal that looks tuned in but decodes as nonsense, all the listed causes apply.
Watch out Each individual choice is a real failure mode, so picking just one, such as reversed mark and space, misses the fact that the sideband and baud rate errors cause exactly the same symptom.
Tuned in but gibberish? Check the three S's: sideband, speed (baud), and shift sense (mark/space).
HamSandwich explanation, first draft. The question and answers are the NCVEC text.
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The rest of G2E

  1. G2E01 Which mode is normally used when sending RTTY signals via AFSK with an SSB transmitter?
  2. G2E02 What is VARA?
  3. G2E03 What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or VARA transmission?
  4. G2E04 Which of the following is good practice when choosing a transmitting frequency to answer a station calling CQ…
  5. G2E05 What is the standard sideband for JT65, JT9, FT4, or FT8 digital signal when using AFSK?
  6. G2E06 What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands?
  7. G2E07 Which of the following is required when using FT8?
  8. G2E08 In what segment of the 20-meter band are most digital mode operations commonly found?
  9. G2E09 How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol?
  10. G2E10 Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station?
  11. G2E11 What is the primary purpose of an Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN) mesh network?
  12. G2E12 Which of the following describes Winlink?
  13. G2E13 What is another name for a Winlink Remote Message Server?
  14. G2E14 What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even though it is apparently tuned in pr…
  15. G2E15 Which of the following is a common location for FT8?
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